1997
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Penelope Sacks Galey, « Apollinaire : espace et paysage de signes », Interfaces. Image-Texte-Langage (documents), ID : 10.3406/inter.1997.1113
In her study of Apollinaire's idéogrammes, P.S.G. shows how they instrument a new type of language which reverses the order of words and makes phonectics subservient to the individul existence of signs. She draws parallels between Apollinaire's experiments and Matisse's exploration of space by colours in order to explain the choice of "calligrammes" as the word best suited to express a new relation to language.