Les échanges intra-branche et la hiérarchisation des avantages comparés dans le commerce international

Résumé En Fr

Intra-industry trade and the hierarchization of comparative advantages Intra-industry trade implies, for a given country, a comparable amount of imports and exports of products either from the same industry or differentiated. The intra-industry trade of thé countries studies increased from 1964 to 1974 although in a noticeably différent ratio according to the varions countries. The theories on this type of trade show that most of the factors determining inter-industry trade can also be applicable to intra-industry or intra-product trade. A more acute analysis may however be attempted by studying the hierarchization of comparative advantages. It shows that the characteristics of traded goods and the type of acquired advantage dépend on the level, in the hierarchy of the partners, of the country where they originated from in comparison with that of the country where they go to. Both theoretical analysis and empirical research suggest that the specific importance of intra-industry trade is a characteristic of « middle » countries, i.e. those assuming an average rank in international trade.

Cependant, un affinement de l'analyse peut être tenté avec efficacité à partir de la notion de hiérarchisation des avantages comparés. Celle-ci implique que les caractéristiques des biens échangés et les types d'avantages obtenus dépendent du rang du pays d'origine par rapport à celui du pays de destination, dans la hiérarchie des partenaires. L'analyse théorique et la recherche empirique suggèrent alors que l'importance particulière du commerce intra-branche est un attribut caractéristique des pays intermédiaires dans le commerce international.