Equilibre et régulation du marché de la justice. Délais versus prix

Résumé En Fr

Equilibrium and regulation of justice market: delays versus prices Matching supply with demand in justice is made possible via the variations in delays between the moment the case enters into the phase of deliberation and the moment of the judgment. The question is to know whether this rationing by waiting periods is efficient. The answer is no because the increase in waiting lists shows that the parties must wait increasingly longer to obtain a verdict from the courts. Identifying the different factors determining the demand for justice enables us to envisage other ways of controlling the flow of litigation which may decrease the time necessary to obtain a judgment. This consists in acting upon the time period allocated to the exchange of documents and to the open debate so as to reduce the length of the trial. However, there is the risk that this reduction in the duration of proceedings may well increase the demand for justice, so that the deliberating period will lengthen whilst the supply of justice remains fixed. The second idea consists in increasing the supply of justice. The failure of policies aimed at controlling through time and the presence of costs in the demand for justice will lead us to explore methods of control via proceedings costs. Two possibilities can be imag­ined: increasing the cost of access to justice and a redistribution of trial costs between the parties. In both cases, the aim is to encourage the parties to prefer a settlement rather than a judgment.

Équilibre et régulation du marché de la justice. Délais versus prix En France, offre et demande de justice s'équilibrent grâce à des variations du temps qui s'écoule entre la mise en délibéré et le jugement. Ce rationnement de la demande de justice par le temps apparaît inefficace puisque le délai d'obtention d'un jugement s'allonge. Cet article se propose donc d'étudier d'autres politiques de régulation des flux de contentieux et d'en mesurer les effets. Les politiques de réduction du délai imparti au débat contradictoire, d'augmentation de l'offre de justice, d'accroissement du coût d'accès à la justice et de ré-allocation des coûts de procès entre les parties sont ainsi envisagées successivement.