Default reasoning and the law: A dialogue

Résumé En Sl

Reasoning by default is a relevant aspect of everyday life that has traditionally attracted the attention of many fields of research, from psychology to the philosophy of logic, from economics to artificial intelligence. Also in the field of law, default reasoning is widely used by lawyers, judges and other legal decision-makers. In this paper, a philosopher of language (Carlo Penco) and a philosopher of law (Damiano Canale) attempt to explore some uses of default reasoning that are scarcely considered by legal theory. In particular, the dialogue dwells on the notion of literal meaning, witness testimony, and the problem of disagreement among experts in legal proceedings. The paper is intended as a sort of brain storming useful to identify new lines of research straddling philosophy of law, cognitive psychology and philosophy of language.

Privzeto sklepanje in pravo. Privzeto sklepanje je pomemben vidik vsakdanjega življenja, ki tradicionalno pritegne pozornost številnih področij raziskovanja, od psihologije do filozofije logike, od ekonomije do umetne inteligence. Tudi na področju prava odvetniki, sodniki in drugi subjekti pravnega odločanja pogosto uporabljajo privzeto sklepanje. V tem prispevku poskušata filozof jezika (Carlo Penco) in pravni filozof (Damiano Canale) raziskati nekatere rabe privzetega sklepanja, ki jih pravna teorija komajda upošteva. Dialog obravnava zlasti pojmovanje dobesednega pomena, pričanje prič in problem nesoglasij med izvedenci v sodnih postopkih. Prispevek je mišljen kot neke vrste kresanje domislic, uporabno za prepoznavanje novih smeri raziskovanja, ki segajo v filozofijo prava, kognitivno psihologijo in filozofijo jezika.