2021
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/
Stephane Pierre-Caps, « Constitución francesa y derecho de excepción », HAL-SHS : droit et gestion, ID : 10670/1.cacf36
If French constitutionalism has always had to deal with the right of exception, it will be necessary to wait for the Second Republic to formalize the legality of exception in the form of the legislation of foresight with the law of August 9, 1849 on the state of siege, the principle of which was inscribed in the Constitution of November 4, 1848. The law of April 3, 1878 adapts the state of siege to the Third Republic by making it an exclusively parliamentary competence, thereby showing the mark of the political regime on the legality of exception. The right of exception has been added, under the Fourth Republic, with the state of emergency with the law of April 3, 1955 in the context of Algeria, before the Fifth Republic standardizes the use of the right of exception for the benefit of the only one President of the Republic, in its two constitutional dimensions (state of siege, crisis powers) and legislative (state of emergency under common right and state of health emergency). It appears that the constitutionality of states of emergency has never been established in principle, either because the public authorities have avoided laying it down, or because the constitutional judge was concerned not to hinder the action of the executive power in a state of emergency. By authorizing the law to create a legality of exception, he considered that the Constitution of 1958 had not limited the right of exception to only states of siege and powers of crisis, even if it means considering that an ordinary law can question constitutional rights and freedoms without necessarily raising the question of its own constitutionality.