The (Un)Sustainable Futures of Glass Architecture: A Life Cycle Assessment of Curtain Wall Retrofit Scenarios in Brussels

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Fully glazed office buildings embody the paradoxes of our built environment, both as a symbol of modernity and as energy-intensive architecture. The use of glass regardless of the orientation increases cooling loads, while older facades offer low light transmission and poor thermal and acoustic insulation. Consequently, this type of architecture has become an important focus of European thermal retrofit policies, while a wide range of glass products has been developed to achieve better energy efficiency, from special coatings on triple glazing. The implementation of these products is based on the assumption that the resulting reduction in cooling and heating loads during the use phase would offset the environmental effects caused by their production and transport, as well as by the disposal of the old façade. However, this assumption remains little discussed today. This paper therefore considers a case study of façade replacement scenarios for a generic office building in Brussels. Different retrofit strategies are analysed through a life cycle assessment that focuses on the uncertainties related to the potential evolution of energy systems and practices in a climate changing world.

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