1987
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Véronique Riches, « Royaume-Uni : des difficultés structurelles », Revue de l'OFCE (documents), ID : 10.3406/ofce.1987.1085
From 1982 to mid-1985, the United-Kingdom experienced one of the most rapid growth among western countries. Privileged relationships with the US, important energetic resources and a booming service sector account for such a result. Tax revenues from the oil sector eased the budgetary policy and enabled the public deficit to be cut. The rise in purchasing power fostered domestic demand while corporate profits were increased mainly through productivity gains. Howerer the manufacturing sector did not much benefit from the recovery. Production capacity has kept shrinking for years. Industry suffered from a weak profitability, the causes of which are mainly the overvaluation of the Sterling, wages rigidity and chronic under-invest- ment. The part of industry in the economy as a whole is at present much lower in Britain than in other European countries. Therefore the revival could not be sustained for long. Foreign competitors increased their market share in the UK and from mid-1985 to the last summer growth faltered. The fall in oil prices had major consequences on the economy. As structural weaknesses surfaced, the trust in the Sterling already shake- ned by high wage rises tends to be all the more undermied. It also threatens the effort to tighten the budget and leads to hasten privatisation. Besides, the boost it gave to household consumption widens the trade and current account deficits. So far inflation has been much less curbed than on the continent. Nevertheless a new opportunity for the industry seems to have recently arisen. The decline in the currency favours competitiveness. Labour management is greatly improving. Profitability in industry turns out to be almost on a par with other sectors '. Moreover foreign and domestic demand are both expected to remain sustained. But grasping such an opportunity will require a long lasting willingness to invest.