Islamisme et démocratie en Indonésie : quand la tradition se rapproche de la cause des femmes

Résumé Fr

Islamism has found a political expression in Post-Soeharto Indonesia with at least two Islamic political parties advocating an Islamization of the law. In this new democratic setting, secular and Islamic-pluralist parties have had to learn to defend their positions with a new energy and strategy. Women have been at the forefront of the battle, and they have received essential support from a political party close to Traditionalist Islam. This article takes a look at three components of the new Islamic politics : How does the Partai Keadilan-Sejahtera (PKS) act at the grass-roots level ? Its innovative dakwah activities show a strong commitment and strict organization. How does interaction take place in Parliament between secular and Islamist factions ? The stakes are high but the weak point of secularism may be the ambiguity of pluralist political parties who often dare not oppose Islamism. Traditionalist Islam under the leadership of Abdurrahman Wahid has emerged as a key political actor in this battle. But its fragility is undeniable, and is best seen on the ground, in the 2004 electoral results, presented here through a short analysis for the region of Central Java. Could a so-called pillar of "civil-pluralist" Islam, the traditionalist Nahdlatul Ulama, be weaker than imagined ? A larger question is asked which touches Muslim countries in general, from Turkey to Algeria : what place do "moderate Islamist" parties take in democracies ?