2021
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Christophe Lemardelé, « Confusions autour de l’inceste : anthropologie, psychanalyse, société. Westermarck, Freud, Lévi-Strauss / Confusing Incest : Anthropology, Psychoanalysis, Society. Westermarck, Freud, Lévi-Strauss », ASDIWAL. Revue genevoise d'anthropologie et d'histoire des religions (documents), ID : 10.3406/asdi.2021.1201
The notion of incest is central for the anthropology of kinship and for psychoanalysis. The term «incest » , generally used without differentiating between parent/ child and brother/ sister incest, sometimes extended to consanguineous marriages, therefore lacks conceptual precision. The confusion about this notion has been increased in kinship studies since Lévi-Strauss adopted the incest taboo to characterize the origins of human society, saying that it reveals the shift from nature to culture. Basing his theoretical postulate on Freudian thought, the French anthropologist has been led to invalidate the earlier hypothesis of Westermarck. The latter was persuaded that the desire to commit incest was restrained by a spontaneous and natural inhibition, a hypothesis now confirmed by recent ethological research. Accordingly, the notion of incest should be considered an «epistemological relic » of social anthropology. However, a recent anthropological work still uses the term of «incest » , but, focusing on the nuclear family, which is sometimes recomposed in modern and postmodern societies, it reduces this notion to that of sexual crime.