Le mont Wakasugi, son sanctuaire et le shugen dans l'histoire de Kyūshū et de l'Asie de l'Est

Résumé En

From the geographical standpoint, the northern region of Kyūshū is closer to the Korean peninsula and China, so that in antiquity, a governmental office taking charge of foreign affairs called Dazaifu was established there. The greatest megalopolis of Kyūshū nowadays, Fukuoka, developed on the basis of the port of Dazaifu, Hakata. Mount Wakasugi is one of the peaks belonging to the mountain range of Sangun extending to the north from Mount Hōman of Dazaifu, that is seen at the front as a beautiful mountain when ships are entering in Hakata port from the open sea. The kami of this mountain, named "Taiso gongen", is not an indigenous god of the inside, but one which came from the outside, across the sea. When, in the later 13th century, Mongols attempted to invade Japan, facing this "greater outside", this god, allied with the protecting god of Japan, Hachiman, and transformed itself as an original form of the god Izanagi, under the name of Taiso gongen. Diverse powers of the inside, facing the outside, intermingled with each other, and formed a new entity of greater power. Impoverished by the wars toward the end of Middle Ages, Mount Wakasugi was restored at the beginning of the Early Modern period by the new settlement of Sekisen-ji Ishii-bō, by Kame.ishi-bō from Mount Hōman. In the Shugen organization of Mount Hōman, Ishii-bō was a simple subaltern under the Twenty-five bō of Hōman (Hōman niju-go bō), but at the same time, he was responsible (furegashira) for the eastern region of Hōman Shugen, having under its order all the yamabushi of the counties of Munakata and Kasuya. He was thus an object of respect for villages of these counties, as was the priest (and administrator, bettō) of the regional god (sōbyō) of Kasuya county, Taiso gū. The dynamics between inside and outside that surrounded Ishii-bō were very complex. The present article attempts to analyze according to the sources the dynamics of inside and outside that governed the Shugen who were evolving in Mount Wakasugi.