1997
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Antoinette Balibar-Mrabti, « Synonymie abstraite et synonymie concrète en syntaxe », Langages, ID : 10.3406/lgge.1997.2132
Classification of free sentences brings into play a form of synonymy we call "abstract" synonymy. In contrast, frozen sentences bring into play "concrete" synonymy. Metaphoric uses of verbs, which are relatively fixed, request treatments that are intermediary between these two forms of synonymy.