Privatisation de la sécurité et transformation de la guerre

Résumé En Fr

The Privatization of Security and the Transformation of Conflicts by Sami Makki The increasing impact of new public management practices in the areas of defense and security through privatization and outsourcing has reduced the role of the State in managing security matters In the post-September environment US private military companies PMCs play major role in shaping and implementing the US defence policy for which they are being instrumental in waging asymmetric warfare abroad and in protecting the homeland As contributors to the US combat the PMCs are increasingly involved in support functions in expeditionary operations New security military and paramilitary actors have emerged to fill the gaps in internatio nal crisis response initiatives PMCs contribute to the privatization of peace opera tions and stimulate faster civil military integration by bluring traditionnal boundaries As they are involved in post-conflict security sector reform programs PMCs pro mote new security/military norms Transforming civilian actors becomes essential as the new US national military strategy plans for future integrated synchronized joint expeditionnary operations within US-led system of systems

Le recours aux sociétés militaires privées va désormais bien au-delà de l'extemalisation de certaines fonctions de service. Il fait désormais partie intégrante de la « transformation » américaine. Les entreprises privées de sécurité interviennent largement à tous les stades des opérations extérieures. Présentes même dans la phase humanitaire, elles entretiennent la confusion entre les divers acteurs de l'action internationale, et se développent hors de tout contrôle efficace, national ou international.