November 8, 2017
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Aurélie Damet, « De Sparte à l’île du Soleil », Annales de Bretagne et des pays de l’Ouest, ID : 10.4000/abpo.3690
For the makers of utopias, ancient Sparta provided an historical model for eugenics and communal customs. The Lacedaemonian matrimonial system, based on monogamy and polyandry for natalist and eugenic purposes, became a comical, distorted, subject in Aristophanes’s utopia, The Assembly Women. In his imaginary Republic, Plato uses three major customs of Sparta for his governing group: the promotion of eugenic unions between the best partners, the selection of children at birth, and the community of children. His disciple, Aristotle, rejects the principle of community but the Politics keeps prenatal and postnatal eugenic principles in order to produce the best citizens. In Hellenistic utopias, like the imaginary travel of Iambulus, neonatal infanticide and collective paternity are proofs of Spartan influence recreated in a fantasised elsewhere.