December 1, 2009
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This document is linked to :
info:eu-repo/semantics/reference/issn/0982-1783
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Guy Boistel, « De quelle précision a-t-on réellement besoin en mer ? », Histoire & mesure, ID : 10.4000/histoiremesure.1748
During the 18th and 19th centuries, the methods and the instruments of nautical astronomy evolved clearly, offering to seafarers two complementary sets of methods for the detetmination of the longitudes at sea: the lunar distances and methods using timekeepers. When abbot Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille developed a graphic method in 1759, which allowed the seafarers to reach quickly one degree of reasonable precision on the longitudes, a few years later, the Chevalier de Borda answered with a more ambitious mathematical method, developed for the elites, which led to a higher accuracy of the computations. One century later, the officer Ernest Mouchez and the astronomer Antoine Yvon-Villarceau opposed in similar terms on the degree of the mathematics implemented in the methods employed for the control of the thermal drift of the timekeepers. Thus, it is possible to consider in a same run up, the history of some hundred fifty years of high astronomical navigation, between the 1750s and the end of the 19th century. This study also approaches a new view, the questions of the dissemination of the knowledges, and of the vocational training of both the naval officers and the captains and pilots of the merchant marine.