February 11, 2021
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Adèle de Mesnard, « Le lien au territoire, un facteur déterminant des réinstallations climatiques des communautés autochtones de l’Arctique nord-américain », Espace populations sociétés, ID : 10.4000/eps.10562
Given the ineffectiveness of alternative climate change mitigation measures, three Alaska Native communities, Kivalina, Shishmaref and Newtok, voted over twenty years ago to relocate to a specific site that they designated as the most likely to allow them to continue to develop as a community, while preserving their identity and culture. Yet, the choice of this relocation site appears to be the most important point of contention between the Native communities, the State of Alaska and federal actors. While the communities are not opposed to relocating, they refuse to see their displacement as a simple movement from point A to point B, based on the consideration that they can be moved to wherever it is possible to send them. What is at stake for the Native communities is to overcome the pitfalls of a unilateral choice by public authorities that would restrict the special relationship they have with their lands and their environment. Since place is an intangible element of community cohesion, it is important that the community has control over the process of selecting the relocation site rather than relying solely on a top-down bureaucratic process. A refocusing on indigenous perspectives, which goes beyond the pragmatic technicism adopted by the public authorities, then appears necessary to create the conditions for a genuine dialogue.