L’organisation interterritoriale des transports publics dans les Alpes-Maritimes (2008-2018) : conflits d’acteurs, empilement et discordances des structures politiques

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Cet article rend compte du jeu d’acteurs entre les institutions en charge des transports publics dans les Alpes-Maritimes, de 2008 à 2018, et de la création d’un syndicat mixte des transports publics (SYMITAM) comme possible organisation interterritoriale. Les inadaptations des périmètres de gouvernance de transports publics aux mobilités quotidiennes sont les causes de problèmes d’organisation des déplacements entre les villes du département. Malgré l’existence de formes de gouvernement locales nombreuses et farouchement indépendantes, les gestionnaires de transport public des Alpes-Maritimes ont-ils pu envisager une seule entité de gestion chargée de leur mise en relation par un Syndicat mixte venant de la loi Solidarité et Renouvellement Urbain (SRU) ? Cet article repose à la fois sur le contexte institutionnel, sur les interrelations mises en œuvre entre les différents niveaux de décisions, créant l’espoir d’une gestion unifiée, et enfin sur des politiques publiques notables résultant du syndicat mixte des transports des Alpes-Maritimes. Cet établissement a-t-il permis de réunir les autorités organisatrices (AO) multiples par son travail de confection en commun et ainsi de réduire les découpages politiques, puis, aussi peut-il être utile à l’organisation des déplacements des citoyens-usagers entre les ressorts territoriaux ?

Organization of AOMU, through the making of a unique transport structure in the urban area of French Riviera have a major role in the inter-territoriality management between transports policies. The mismatch between the management of public transport produces acute complications for passengers. This confusion is based on the inadequacy of the institutional structures that are not at the scale of urbanization. Indeed, the AOMU are separate. Different cities of French Riviera must be linked to interdependent urban networks and this necessity comes the invention of new forms of government. This article summarizes a research (2008-2018) on the conflictive relationships between the institutions in charge of public transport in French Riviera and the development of a SYMITAM as possible territorial organization. Although existence of too many and independent forms of local government, the transport policies must be linked together by more efficient transport networks with a trade union? This article is based on the state of the institutional context, particularly difficult, on the interrelationships established between the different levels of decisions creating hope for a unified management, and notable public policy resulting from the authorities: the SYMITAM. This organization brings together multiples transport authorities and also it can be useful to the management of passengers between perimeters. The article contains a first part which reveals the political context with bearings territories between multiple poles of agglomeration. Institutions and organisation of transport are expected in a dense spatial area with distinct AOMU. In this first part, we explain organisation, operation and action on different perimeters of transports. However, there is now an inadequacy and maladjustments between land use and institutional structures. Each political actor may choose of establishing his transports network in this boundary. A second part studied the conflictive relationships of public transport and the political division in this multipolar space of French Riviera: the development of the AOMU, including Metropole Nice Côte d'Azur, limits the power of the Department but the Region was acquiring prominence in the management of policies transports, as departmental transport network. But there is always a political division context between AO. A third part highlights an analysis of mobility and in particular by measurement of stable and outgoing assets of each city to demonstrating the share of the population that cross borders regularly between perimeters. Then, we propose a resorption of the effect of border by the formation of new institutional structure: the SYMITAM. This establishment is the most capable of organizing the management of this territorial format in order to counteract the institutional fragmentation. Work relationships between institutional structures are strengthened but this new federal structure, the SYMITAM, doesn’t perform its role of organizer and federator; this structure is represented by the conquering AOMU. In addition, it assists the Department.