Legal evidence theory: are we all “rationalists” now?

Résumé En Sl

This paper focuses on the rationalist theory of evidence and identifies a set of two basic theses and their underlying philosophical assumptions shared by the Anglo-American and the Latin versions of rationalism: the thesis of the pursuit of truth as the preferential aim of legal evidence; the thesis of evidentiary justification as a special case of general epistemic justification; the assumption of the notion of truth as correspondence; the assumption of ontological and epistemological differentiation of rationalism from both skepticism and naive cognitivism. The author sustains that these theses and assumptions are imprecise in important aspects and that this is what allows the adoption of the rationalist conception to function as the common frame for current debates in legal theory of evidence, a frame that closes some discussions (namely, those concerning the notion of truth) and opens others (those regarding the degree of specificity of legal evidentiary justification and the appropriate way to allocate the risk of error).

Dokazna teorija: ali smo sedaj res vsi »racionalisti«? Članek obravnava jedro racionalistične teorije dokazov. Ob tem prepozna sklop osnovnih trditev in filozofskih predpostavk, ki so skupne tako anglo-ameriškim kot romanskim različicam racionalizma: to so trditev o zasledovanju resnice kot preferenčnemu cilju pravnega dokazovanja, trditev o dokaznem utemeljevanju kot posebni vrsti splošnega spoznavnostnega utemeljevanja, predpostavka o korespondenčnem pojmovanju resnice in ontološko ter spoznavoslovno razlikovanje racionalizma od skepticizma in naivnega kognitivizma. Avtorica zatrjuje, da so omenjene trditve in predpostavke v pomembnih ozirih nejasne, prav zaradi teh nejanosti pa da lahko v sodobnih razpravah o teoriji pravnih dokazov posvojitev racionalistišnega pojmovanja deluje kot skupni okvir, ki ene razprave zapira (posebej tisto o pojmovanju resnice), medtem ko druge odpira (takšni sta razprava o stopnji posebnosti dokaznega utemeljevanja v pravu in razprava o primernost razporeditve tveganja napak).