2013
Cairn
Jean-Sébastien Bolduc et al., « La dette de Darwin envers la théorie des populations de Malthus : une approche structurelle », Bulletin d’histoire et d’épistémologie des sciences de la vie, ID : 10670/1.vovxj7
We introduce an epistemological approach that allows investigating the conceptual and formal components involved in processes of theory construction. The methodological framework we introduce rests on two disjointed but complementary hypotheses : 1° scientific theories maybe analysed into autonomous sub-units, reasoning patterns ; and 2° once discovered, a reasoning pattern is “projected” into the set of patterns available to the scientific community and, reciprocally, once they belong to this set, reasoning patterns may be borrowed and incorporated into a novel theoretical construct.In order to introduce our original approach, we use Darwin’s theory of common ancestry and evolution by natural selection as a case study. More specifically, we consider the question of the extent to which Darwin’s theory construction has been influenced by his encounter of Malthus principle of population. Our approach allows identifying what conceptual and formal components are actually shared by the two theories. As a consequence, it allows framing the question of Darwin’s debt toward Malthus’s principle in a totally new way. Even if the study we undertake does not allow closing the debate surrounding this question, it still introduces a powerful tool that may be used to investigate other similar cases.