2004
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Jacques Vermeylen, « La sagesse de la Bible. À la recherche d'un art de vivre », Revue Théologique de Louvain (documents), ID : 10.2143/RTL.35.4.2017443
The sapiential books (in particular Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Ben Sira) are the fruit of a sometimes conflicting dialogue between concrète expérience and theological teaching. At the start, wisdom is in the first place know-how, as the ancient proverbs attest : they observe society and draw out from there lessons for the quest of happiness. During the Persian era, this practical wisdom is put to the use of a theology of divine rétribution in accordance with the Torah. In the name of the non-mastery of man over his own destiny, Ecclesiastes criticises both traditional wisdom (the idéal of social success) and the official teaching ; he proposes a path of joy, modest to be sure but realistic : one must intensely live the short moments of pleasure which God grants. Ben Sira, finally, warns against a wisdom which seems to him too human and reminds his readers that, in order to be happy, one should have at heart the fear of YHWH. He is the man of the golden mean, or rather balance ; hence he encourages the search of pleasure but immediately adds «with modération and concern for others».