December 4, 2012
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
Gwendoline Promsopha, « Informal risk-coping and the allocation of farm land », HALSHS : archive ouverte en Sciences de l’Homme et de la Société, ID : 10670/1.0e8302...
This PhD research proposes to study the relationship between informal risk-coping strategies and the nature of land allocation. Informal risk-coping mechanisms are studied here as one potential factor in the failure of land market reforms and the persistence of 'non-market' exchange -gifts or free loans. In particular, we show that the bipolar view of land tenure, which opposes 'customary' to 'market' transfers, does not adequately approach informal risk-coping motivations in land transfers. Two hypotheses are analysed: first, in the absence of insurance markets and publicsocial protection, land has a 'safety net' function and households do not sell land but prefer other types of transfers (which retain part of the land's 'safety net' function). Secondly, informal risk-coping leads households to participate to hybrid forms of transfers (neither market nor non-market) allowing to combine risk-coping motives with other types of economic necessities. Those two hypotheses are then looked at empirically in two case studies: in Vietnam, where households sell their land only if they are economically stable or have suffered income shocks (distress sales); and in Thailand, where a survey has been done among permanent rural-urban migrants. This survey confirms that informal risk-coping slows down land sale markets and sustains transfers such as free-loans. Finally, the Thai data identify traditional risk-sharing institutions in the allocation of land, especially through intra-family free-loans or 'disguised rentals'. As a main conclusion, insurance and public protection policies could have a key role in the evaluation of land allocation systems in Thailand and Vietnam.