30 avril 2020
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ , info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Erik Ringmar, « 4. The Muslim Caliphates », Open Book Publishers, ID : 10670/1.0ejiav
After the death of the Prophet Muhammad in Medina in 632, his followers on the Arabian Peninsula quickly moved in all directions, creating an empire which only one hundred years later came to include not only all of the Middle East and much of Central Asia, but North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula as well. This was known as the “caliphate,” from khalifah, meaning “succession.” Yet it was difficult to keep such a large political entity together and there were conflicts regarding who should b...