12 avril 2017
https://www.openedition.org/12554 , info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Ellen Hertz, « Bottoms, Genuine and Spurious », Göttingen University Press, ID : 10670/1.7alv9h
1 Introduction Over the course of the past forty years, the concept of participation has profoundly modified the discourse and practice of international and national policy-making and implementation, in areas as different as urban planning and community development (Arnstein 1969; Cornwall 2008), humanitarian aid (Hinton 1995), the environment (Eden 1996) and international development (World Bank 1996; Michener 1998; Botchway 2001). The participatory approach is at the center of a semantic fi...