Le salafisme en Europe : La mouvance polymorphe d'une radicalisation

Résumé Fr En

Les courants salafistes, vecteurs privilégiés de la réislamisation en Europe, concurrencent désormais les structures plus anciennement implantées. Il s’agit d’une mouvance composite, au sein de laquelle peuvent être distingués un salafisme révolutionnaire ou djihadiste, un salafisme de prédication et un salafisme politique. Chacune de ces tendances entretient un rapport particulier aux sociétés européennes, aux sociétés musulmanes, et aux moyens – dont le djihad – de hâter l’avènement de l’État islamique.

Since the beginning of the 1980s in Europe, the emergence of a new form of Islamic religiosity among mainly young people of immigrant parents has been observed. This new relation with Islam is largely the result of “re-islamization” movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood movement. However the 1990s have seen the emergence of a new actor in this “re-islamization” dynamics in Europe: Salafism. It is possible to distinguish three streams resulting from Salafism in Europe. The first tendency is the revolutionary one. It places “Jihad” at the heart of religious beliefs. The second is predicative Salafism, which bases its action on preaching and religious courses. The last one is political Salafism which organizes its activities around a political logic.