January 1, 2020
Julien Dubouloz, « Gouverner l’empire, se gouverner soi-même : réflexions sur la notion de maiestas dans la littérature de la République et du Principat », Publications de l’École française de Rome, ID : 10.4000/books.efr.4902
Did Roman magistrates represent Rome not just in their official capacity but also in their private behaviour? To what extent was it necessary for a magistrate or a senator to rule over himself to be considered fit to rule Rome’s subjects? The point of departure of this study is an anecdote attributed to L. Flamininus, cos. 192 BCE, which is known mostly as the argument of one of Seneca the Elder’s Controversiae (9.2), and which evinces a meaningful network of intertextual links with various texts, mainly from Cicero and Tacitus. It appears that while the consideration of moral standards was not unknown in the republican de repetundis trials, they were most prominently taken into consideration during the period of the Principate: the majesty (maiestas) of Rome appears to be potentially threatened by the personal behaviour of her representatives. Personal ethos thus not only plays an important part in the very definition of the Roman ruling class; it is also used by the emperor as a tool to control the elite, as well as by the elite itself as a tool of self-repression.