2001
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François Crouzet, « Le Luddisme : essai de mise au point », Presses Sorbonne Nouvelle
The Luddites – or machine-breakers – were active for rather short intervals, mainly between November 1811 and July 1812, i.e. during a period of depression and unemployment in English industry, rising food prices and falling real wages. They attacked workshops and factories, to destroy machinery. The Luddite gangs were well-organized and their attacks well-prepared, but their aims were purely professional. There is no evidence at all of a powerful underground organization, with revolutionary objectives, even though the local population was in sympathy with the Luddites. Repression and an upswing in the economy brought Luddism to its end, but it had minor revivals in 1814 and 1816-17.