Synthèse des facteurs internes essentiels aux ergothérapeutes pour agir en tant qu'agent de changement

Résumé En Fr

Introduction. The role of change agent in occupational therapy is increasingly being called upon. However, occupational therapists often feel uncomfortable and ill-equipped for this role. Painting a picture of the essential internal factors could guide their reflective practice and thus increase their confidence and expertise in occupying it. Objective. The objective of the study was to determine the internal factors essential for an occupational therapist to effectively carry out his actions as an change agent in order to support his reflective practice. Methods. The scientific literature reviewed in this study was taken from two databases (CINAHL & Medline) until January 29th 2020. The review strategy was validated by a librarian. The entire research team participated in the data extraction, which was carried out in a cascading style, as well as in the qualitative analysis of themes and their synthesis. Results. From the 664 documents initially identified, we selected 25 for analysis. We have identified three major internal factors essential to the change agent (personal determinants, interpersonal skills and leadership skills). The personal determinants serve as a basis for the occupational therapist to develop as a change agent. They are in constant interaction with the interpersonal skills that affect relationships with others and the leadership skills needed to act for change. Conclusions. By its synthesis of essential internal factors, this study will serve as a springboard for a tool to support reflexive practice of occupational therapists and thus contribute to the success of their actions as change agents.

Introduction. Il est attendu des ergothérapeutes qu’ils agissent en tant qu’agents de changement. Cependant, ceux-ci se sentent souvent en terrain inconnu et peu outillés pour jouer ce rôle. Tracer un portrait des facteurs internes essentiels à ce rôle pourrait guider leur pratique réflexive et, ainsi, accroître leur confiance et leur expertise à cet égard. Objectif. Cette étude visait à déterminer les facteurs internes essentiels à un ergothérapeute pour une réalisation efficace de ses actions d’agent de changement de façon à soutenir sa pratique réflexive. Méthodes. En suivant les étapes de l’étude de portée et selon une stratégie validée par une bibliothécaire, nous avons recensé les écrits scientifiques figurant dans deux banques de données (CINAHL et Medline) jusqu’au 29 janvier 2020. L’ensemble de l’équipe de recherche a participé à l’extraction des données, qui s’est faite en cascade, ainsi qu’à l’analyse des thèmes et à leur synthèse. Résultats. Des 664 écrits repérés, 25 ont été retenus pour analyse. Trois grands facteurs internes essentiels à l’agent de changement ont été déterminés (déterminants personnels, habiletés relationnelles et aptitudes à diriger). Les déterminants personnels servent de base permettant à l’ergothérapeute de se développer en tant qu’agent de changement. Ils sont en constante interaction avec les habiletés relationnelles qui influent sur la relation avec les autres ainsi qu’avec les aptitudes à diriger nécessaires pour exercer des actions favorables au changement. Conclusion. Par sa synthèse des facteurs internes essentiels, cette étude servira de tremplin pour l’élaboration d’un outil visant à soutenir la pratique réflexive des ergothérapeutes contribuant ainsi au succès de leurs actions d’agent de changement. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Synthesis of internal factors essential for occupational therapists to act as change agents Introduction. The change agent role in occupational therapy is increasingly expected. However, occupational therapists often feel uncomfortable and ill-equipped for this role. Painting a picture of the essential internal factors could guide their reflective practice and thus increase their confidence and expertise in enacting it. Objective. The objective of the study was to determine the internal factors essential for occupational therapists to effectively carry out their actions as a change agent in order to support their reflective practice. Methods. Through the steps of the scoping study and a librarian-validated strategy, the scientific literature from two databases (CINAHL & Medline) was identified, up to 29 January 2020. The entire research team participated in the data extraction, which was carried out in a cascading style, as well as in the qualitative analysis of themes and their synthesis. Results. From the 664 documents initially identified, 25 were selected for analysis. Three major internal factors essential to the change agent role (personal determinants, interpersonal skills and leadership skills) were identified. The personal determinants serve as a basis for the occupational therapist to develop as a change agent. These determinants are in constant interaction with the interpersonal skills that affect relationships with others and the leadership skills needed to act for change. Conclusions. By its synthesis of essential internal factors, this study will serve as a springboard for a tool to support reflexive practice of occupational therapists and thus contribute to the success of their actions as change agents.