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1986
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Jean Heffer et al., « La culture du blé au milieu du XIXe siècle : rendement, prix, salaires et autres coûts », Annales, ID : 10.3406/ahess.1986.283348
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Wheat Cultivation in Mid-Nineteenth Century France: Output, Prices, Salaries, and Other Costs. J. Heffer, J. Mairesse,and J.-M. Chanut. This study is based on information published in certain districts concerning an 1852 agricultural survey. After a descriptive presentation highlighting regional contrasts, an econometric model is used to account for intra-regional differences in wheat output and prices, as well as in production expenditures (eg. men, women and children's salaries, ox and horse harnesses, and tenant farming rates). Output equations show that people's work's marginal productivity was not lower than their salaries. Other price and cost equations indicate the importance of demographic situation and of the relationship between production and local wheat consumption. The overall results suggest that while there was regional and even national integration of wheat markets in France at that time, this was not true for the labor market and that of other production factors.