Pénitence chrétienne et or musulman dans l'Espagne du Cid

Résumé En

Christian Penitence and Muslim Gold in the Spain. Among the many penitents who were subjected to pecuniary penitence introduced onto the continent by Anglo-Saxon and Irish monks in the vith century, that which has come down to us the form manuscript from the Silos Abbey in Spain is unique because of the commutation system of expiatory fees which it proposes. Its author, a monk, designed them with society as whole in mind, which he divided into two groups the clergy and the lay people the latter divided according to social hierarchy of nine degrees. For clerics wishing to avoid penitential fasts, he offered redemption in the form of aescetic exercizes to lay persons, however, redemption took monetary form money thus incarnating the frontier between the sacred and the profane. A study of these commutations allows one to date them and to show that Castille, around the year 1050, still did not have its own monetary system, but used that of Muslim Spain. Moreover, since these commutations required liquidities which only soldiers possessed, thanks to their forays into the neighboring muslim's territory, they came to symbolize penitential institution in which faith war and money were intricately intertwined.