Les conceptions de la république en Europe Centrale au XVIIIe siècle

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1994

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Helmut Reinalter, « Les conceptions de la république en Europe Centrale au XVIIIe siècle », Annales historiques de la Révolution française, ID : 10.3406/ahrf.1994.4612


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Helmut Reinhalter, The conceptions of the Republic in Central Europe in the 18th century. In Germany, the Republic became a central concept in the philosophic debate after the French and American revolutions. According to Kant, this concept is found in all political regimes where the power is premised on the general will of the sovereign people and where the citizens submit to juridical laws. It is therefore an eternal norm for all constitutions. In Germany, several conceptualisations of this abstraction take shape, including constitutional monarchy. With the exception of the Jacobins of the left bank of the Rhine, few of the authors had spread the idea that the example of the democratic republic of France in the Year II was the only legitimate model.

Helmut Reinalter, Le concezioni della Repubblica in Europa Centrale nel Settecento. In Germania, la Repubblica diventò un concetto centrale nel dibattito filosofico dalle rivoluzioni americana e francese. In Kant, questo concetto si applica ad ogni regime politico in cui il potere è costruito dalla volontà generale del popolo sovrano, in cui anche i cittadini sono sottomessi a leggi giuridiche. È dunque una norma eterna per ogni costituzione. Ci furono in Germania parecchie concezioni della realizzazione di questo concetto, compresa la monarchia costituzionale. Pochi autori, tranne i giacobini della riva sinistra del Reno, hanno propagato l’idea che la repubblica democratica, il cui esempio era dato dalla Francia dell’anno II, fosse l’unica legittima.

En Allemagne, la République devint un concept central dans le débat philosophique à partir des révolutions américaine et française. Chez Kant, ce concept recouvre tout régime politique où le pouvoir est construit sur la volonté générale du peuple souverain, où les citoyens sont soumis à des lois juridiques. Il est donc une norme éternelle pour toute constitution. Il y eut en Allemagne plusieurs conceptions de la concrétisation de ce concept, y compris la monarchie constitutionnelle. En dehors des jacobins de la rive gauche du Rhin, peu d’auteurs ont propagé l’idée que la république démocratique dont la France de l’an II donnait l’exemple, était la seule légitime.

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