La rémunération des travaux forestiers

Résumé En Fr

The payment of forest works. In the French country, sawmills and paper-mills buy some parts offorests, a wood-cutting, to private-owner forests or to public-owner forests. But wood-cutting is made with standing timber. The use of the standing timber is either the production of paper either the production of wood-lumber. So in French forests, the private-owner forests, sawmill and paper factory, employ a woodcutter-contractor to make forest works. But an important number of these French wood-cutter contractors have no experience in forest works and the employers, sawmills and paper-mills, do not know the real capacity of the woodcutter-contractor to make forest works. The contract between the woodcutter-contractor and the employer is simple and do not take account of the real capacity of the contractor to make forest works. The contract between the employer and the wood-cutter contractor is dependent on a private information of the contractor : adverse selection is important in the relation between the employer and the wood-cutter contractor. So we propose a non linear pricing, based on a contractor's private information, applied to these forest works. The aim is to improve supplies of sawmills or paper factories and the development of the woodcutter's profession. In the first part of this paper, we describe the work's conditions of the woodcutter-contractor in French forests and the payment used at présent. Then we propose a first model of contract in adverse selection and based on a contractors private information about costs for forest works. We give a numerical example of a non linear pricing for forest works. A second model of payment in adverse sélection is carried ouf. the aim is to incite the woodcutter-contractor to get back some timbers in a wood-cutting intended to a paper-mill. This is possible with an experienced woodcutter contractor. So we propose a non linear pricing that takes account of the woodcutter contractor's experience in forest works. A numerical example is carried out. In the conclusion we examine the necessary social conditions to apply a non linear pricing in forest works, to improve supplies of French wood industry.

En France, les entrepreneurs de travaux forestiers occupent une place importante dans la mise en marché des bois : ils réalisent les travaux d'exploitation forestière pour le compte des acheteurs de bois sur pied que sont les scieurs et papetiers. Cependant l'entrée non contrôlée d'entrepreneurs occasionnels contribue à la dégradation des rémunérations. De ce fait, des industriels du bois qui ont passé un contrat avec ces entrepreneurs occasionnels sont en situation d'incertitude sur la façon dont sera exécuté le contrat de travaux. De plus, les entrepreneurs de travaux forestiers ont souvent à exploiter des coupes difficiles et peu rémunérées de petits bois, au détriment d'autres produits, plus rares et plus intéressants, mais qui, en l'absence d'incitations financières, ne sont pas exploités. Ces situations s'assimilent à celles où l'on a un paramètre de la relation contractuelle connu du seul sous-traitant. Nous proposons de construire une tarification en conséquence pour le paiement des travaux forestiers. Chaque modèle est suivi d'un exemple numérique.