1981
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Baber Johansen, « The all-embracing town and its mosques : al-misr al-gâmi'... », Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée (documents), ID : 10.3406/remmm.1981.1925
Occidental scholars have commonly held the opinion that Islamic Law does not differentiate between town and country-side and that it does not define the muslim town. This opinion ignores the terminology of Muslim Law. Hanafite lawyers developed various definitions of al-miy al-gàmi a term which they used in order to stress the comprehensive and all-embracing character of a town and to differentiate between town and country-side. These various definitions include socio-economic and politico-juridical criteria, they are also based on the hierarchy of religious buildings and on the definition of the urban precinct ifinà' al-miçr). The development of these definitions is determined by a change in the relationship between town and country-side and it articulates the understanding that a town cannot be defined as a religious congregation.