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28 juillet 2009
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Kodjo Niamkey Georges, « La disparition de la notion de « caste » a kong : (xviiie-xixe siècles) », Civilisations, ID : 10.4000/civilisations.1698
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The 'dioula' people of Kong are characterised by the division of men into apparently fixed categories: freemen, slaves and artisans. Very early, the division of labour in these ordered societies is accompanied by a partioning into socio-professional groups. Thus the artisans belonged to a caste called 'nyamakala', literally those who held the 'nyama' or 'nya' an occult power. In the XVIIth century they were the mainspring of the dioula society. But from the beginning of the XVIIIth century, the world of the nyamakala changed greatly due to commercial expansion brought about by Seku Wara's efforts on beholf of the merchants. In the wake of successive changes tied to the development of trade, the criteria for social differentiation also changed, henceforth, everything was based on merit and wealth. Nyamakala was no longer talked of and from then on what was important was to rise to the rank of a' lord of commerce'. The old barriers which had divided society had practically disappeared.