Les structures d'enseignement et leur rôle dans l'histoire de l'Ethiopie impériale

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Having only been left to the initiative of the clergy till the end of the 19th century, the first official schools were created under Melenik I's reign. This education system, together with a certain nomber of private schools set up by western religious orders, was to develop thanks to, in particular, the establishment of a Ministry of Education in 1930 by Hailé Selassie. The momentum was interrupted between 1935 and 1941 with the Italian invasion but it picked up from then onwards with the introduction of a land tax aimed at financing the education system.The first Conference of the African States' Education Ministers took place in Addis Abbeba in 1961 and the Unesco report presented there denounced the short-comings of the education system in Ethiopia : primary education only covered 5.6 % of the children from the related age bands. Furthermore, education was restricted to the dominant ethnic group, in their language, Ahmaric, and clearly favoured cities over rural areas.Once this situation was denounced, the Empire tried to boost the fortunes as a Modern State by implementing policies for literacy and for developing education.Nevertheless, just before the 1974 military coup, the situation, increasingly denounced by students themselves, had hardly changed: 18 % of children were in primary school in towns and only 1 % in the countryside.