Governo senza confine

Résumé 0

The orientations towards the EC that we have studied mainly concern the psychological involvement and the general evaluations towards two specific components of the European political system, that is the political collectivity and the political authorities. The hypothesis that we have tried to measure is whether a relationship between the individuals’ orientations towards the domestic political objects (that is the national political system) and the foreign ones (European Community and its political structure) exists. The pattern that we have worked out takes into account the individuals’ orientations towards both the national political system and the community system. Comparing the two modes of orientation (the national and the european ones) we have pointed out four typologies identifying the different modes of orientation of European citizens, according to their own national political system, towards EC. The empirical elaboration of the pattern has concerned two levels of analysis, at first we measured the effect of the system performance on the orientations of the European citizens towards the EC between 1975 and 1990; then we have take into consideration the effect of the social-structure variables at the european level and the national level. Considering Europe as a whole the socio-structure variables have very little influence (and with respect to certain modes only) on the orientations of citizens towards EC. If we look at the relationship between the different modes of orientation towards the nation and the EC and the socio-structural variables and the political ideology in some European countries (France, Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal) the result is that also in the national contexts taken separately, the social variable are related to certain modes of our typology of orientation (especially as far as the “integrated” and the “innovators” are concerned). Among these, education and the status and, in some cases, the age are the most significant. The ideological belongin, on the other, hand, follows certain proceedings linked to the specificity of the national context.