Parlamentarni sustav i stabilnost hrvatskog ustava

Résumé Sl En

V razpravi z naslovom Parlamentarni sistem in stabilnost hrvaške ustave se prof. dr. Branko Smerdel z zagrebške pravne fakultete, predsednik Hrvaškega društva za Ustavno pravi in častni član Društva za ustavno pravo Slovenije, zavzema za ohranjanje hibridnega modela parlamentarnega sistema in nasprotuje predlogom, da vsakokratna zamenjava nosilcev najvišjih državnih funkcij povzroči poskuse spreminjanja tega modela, tokrat v obliki predlogov za uvedbo čistega parlamentarnega modela. Pri tem opozarja, da bi ponovno spreminjanje modela lahko po nepotrebnem destabiliziralo hrvaški ustavni sistem. Obenem se avtor zavzema za poglobljeno znanstveno razpravo o morebitnih dograditvah sistema, ki bi bila zasnovana na raziskovanjih, povezanih z delovanjem tega sistema na Hrvaškem in proučevanju izkušenj parlamentarnih sistemov drugih držav. Prispevek objavljamo v hrvaškem izvirniku.

The modern nation-state faces a huge challenge of inner nature – the appearance of multicultural (pluralistic) societies that carry one new consequence. Every modern nation-state is also a community of citizens and “community of communities“ (community of national / ethnic communities). Multicultural society, as a plural society, from theoretical and legal point of view in any case must not be understood as a factor whose existence excludes the possibility of the existence of the bourgeois state, which relies on consistent application of the principle: ”One citizen – one vote”. On the contrary, the coexistence of different ethnic, linguistic, racial, cultural and other groups in the civil state is possible. Proponents of multiculturalism stress that a political identity of an individual largely depends on his cultural and political identity, because one will, through one’s political activities make an effort to realize and protect the interests of cultural and ethnic community to which he belongs. This theoretical and practical model, adapted to the specificities of the BiH plural society, could be successfully implemented into the constitutional structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which would not deny either individual or collective identity of any of the BiH citizen, regardless of the social group he belongs to. The key issue consists in finding a constitutional model in which the civil concept will not be threatened by the collective national rights, and vice versa. In this regard, the exercise of the sovereignty of BiH citizens, but also the constituency of Bosniaks, Serbs and Croats, must be ensured, in the first place, by consistent exercise of their political rights – active and passive voting rights. Negation of the importance of the BiH citizen, regardless of his “collective affiliation”, can not lead to building and maintaining a stable and prosperous Bosnian society. The text is published in the Bosnian original.