Espionage, Intelligence Gathering, and Geo-Political Rivalry in the Royal Courts of Whitehall, The Hague, and Versailles during the Age of James II (1685-88).
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9 novembre 2022
- doi: 10.58079/n6ug
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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Spying Operations, Undercover (Espionage) Undercover operations (Espionage) Covert operations (Espionage) Courts--Law and legislation JudiciaryCiter ce document
courtstudies, « Espionage, Intelligence Gathering, and Geo-Political Rivalry in the Royal Courts of Whitehall, The Hague, and Versailles during the Age of James II (1685-88). », The Court Observer, ID : 10.58079/n6ug
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Résumé
During the reign of James II (1685-88), Whitehall, Versailles, and The Hague undertook an extraordinary programme of espionage missions on rival courts. This was spurred on by looming war between France and the Netherlands; observation of outcast Catholic and non-conformist refugee communities; and a genuine diplomatic urgency to understand James II’s increasingly frustrating religious policy which resulted in a Dutch military intervention on the English political scene. Between the Rye Ho...