Agroforestry Landscapes as Interfaces between Ressources, Production and Conservation Des paysages agroforestiers à l'interface entre ressource, production et conservation (Uttarakhand, Inde) En Fr

Résumé En Fr

In India, where population density exacerbates environmental, economic and social problems, agroforestry associations play a key role in the composition of rural landscapes. This is particularly the case in Uttarakhand, a mountain State in North-East India which offers a wide diversity of forestry and agroforestry landscapes in an area stretching from the fertile Ganges Plain to the snow-covered summits of the Himalayas. In such a context, and faced with an environmental and protectionist forestry policy inherited from the British colonial period, village communities are blamed for the degradation of the forests in spite of their ancestral use of these forests in association with agroforestry farming practices in the cultivated areas. This article, based on field work conducted in each of the two agroecological zones of this State (Himalayan mountains and Indo-Gangetic plain), sheds light on the challenges faced by small farmers due to the 2014 law for the promotion of the National Agroforestry Policy.

L'agriculture est un pilier essentiel de l'économie indienne (Deshpande et Prachitha, 2006 ; Randhawa, 1986), et dans ce pays où les densités de population exacerbent les enjeux environnementaux, économiques et sociaux, les systèmes agroforestiers (pratiques agricoles qui associent arbres, cultures et/ou animaux) représentent des atouts (Guillerme et al. , 2011). Ils constituent aussi une composante importante des paysages ruraux en Inde.L'association d'arbres, de cultures et/ou d'animaux est une pratique très ancienne, que l'on rencontre sur tous les continents, sous des formes très variées, pour laquelle le nom d'agroforesterie a été donné dans les années 1970.