Fiche du document
juin 2019
- ISIDORE Id: 10670/1.2b5962...
- cea-02563999
- ARXIV: 1905.01953
- doi: 10.1038/s42254-019-0054-2
Ce document est lié à :
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/arxiv/1905.01953
Ce document est lié à :
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1038/s42254-019-0054-2
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
Sujets proches
Urban development Urban systems Cities and towns, Movement to Physics--Statistical methods Energy resources Power supply Energy Energy Modelmaking Modelling Model-making Molding (Clay, plaster, etc.) Clay modeling Modelling Conservation of energy Correlation of forces Energy Concept formationCiter ce document
Marc Barthelemy, « The statistical physics of cities », HAL-SHS : l'archive ouverte pour les sciences humaines et sociales, ID : 10.1038/s42254-019-0054-2
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Résumé
Challenges due to the rapid urbanization of the world -- especially in emerging countries -- range from an increasing dependence on energy, to air pollution, socio-spatial inequalities, environmental and sustainability issues. Modelling the structure and evolution of cities is therefore critical because policy makers need robust theories and new paradigms for mitigating these problems. Fortunately, the increased data available about urban systems opens the possibility of constructing a quantitative 'science of cities', with the aim of identifying and modelling essential phenomena. Statistical physics plays a major role in this effort by bringing tools and concepts able to bridge theory and empirical results. This article illustrates this point by focusing on fundamental objects in cities: the distribution of the urban population; segregation phenomena and spin-like models; the polycentric transition of the activity organization; energy considerations about mobility and models inspired by gravity and radiation concepts; CO$_2$ emitted by transport; and finally, scaling that describes how various socio-economical and infrastructures evolve when cities grow
