16 mai 2025
Louis PINTO, « Sociologie et philosophie: libres échanges : Bourdieu, Derrida, Durkheim, Foucault, Sartre », Système d'information en philosophie des sciences, ID : 10670/1.4646dc...
The book answers to the question: “how can we think the relations between sociology and philosophy”, providing some descriptions of the meetings of the two subjects. The introduction indicates the different possibilities to articulate sociology and philosophy, and lists in a more or less critical way the (supposed) conversion of the philosophers to the social sciences, the sociologists’ way to look for philosophical guarantees, but also the honest uses of philosophical and sociological references in each domain. One quickly understands that the author adopts Bourdieu’s position, namely a sociology of philosophy that turns out to be a negative philosophy. The first part of the book falls under historical sociology and is about disciplinary borders, first of all between sociology and philosophy around Durkheim, Mauss and Halbwachs; then between sociology and philosophy around Bergson and Bayet. The second part too falls under historical sociology: the author considers the social trajectories of contemporary figures. We have first Sartre’s trajectory and his relation to sociology; then the “triangle” Bourdieu-Foucault-Derrida located in the philosophical field of their time and analysed according to their academic success; Foucault and his relation to psychology; finally Bourdieu and his idea of practice. The third part is about different internal aspects in Bourdieu’s thought. What is at stake is firstly the inheritance of his thought, that’s to say the practical (non theoretical) way to inherit it; secondly what we can learn from sociology in the sense that it turns out what is “concealed”; thirdly the nature of the understanding that we find in sociology; fourthly the capital according to Bourdieu and the possibility to talk about new forms of capital in addition of these mentioned by him; finally the critical dimension of Bourdieu’s sociology, that has to be distinguished from the sociology of critics developed by Luc Boltanski. The fourth part is devoted more precisely to the intellectual field in an “actual observations” style. The concept of subject is considered in a philosophical way: the “I” is analysed with Wittgenstein, and the relation to oneself with Vincent Descombes. Claudine Tiercelin’s election to the Collège de France, the journalistic reactions to it, and the habituation to unclear philosophical talks, are considered in the two last chapters of this fourth part. – Introduction by Louis Pinto, pp. 5-14 ; Origin of the texts, pp. 255-256 ; Index nominum, pp. 257-259 ; Index rerum, pp. 259-260. P. F.