Les rapports à la religion en France : hétérogénéité des pratiques et des valeurs en contexte laïc

Résumé 0

The place of religions in French society has changed considerably since the 1950s, with a marked decline in the influence of the Catholic Church, the revival of Judaism with the immigration of Jews from North Africa, the diversification of Protestantism and the emergence of Islam as a second religion. However, the main phenomenon in France's religious landscape remains the continuing advance of secularism, against a backdrop of strengthening secularism, which the public authorities have placed at the heart of the republican model. The TeO2 survey provides an overview of the religions present in France, with their variations by origin, showing the role of immigration in the diversification of religious currents. This chapter presents the religious landscape in France by first describing the place of different religious affiliations and disaffection with religion. For people with no religion, we study religious heritage, i.e. the maintenance of a religious "tradition" (as the questionnaire puts it) stemming from family socialization, but dissociated from belief. Secondly, we study and compare religious groups through indicators of religiosity and religious practices, and uncover important differences in the importance attached to religion as well as in practices. These results are discussed in greater detail in the second part, which uses a typology of religious groups. based on a machine-learning classification of religiosity and practices. We detail the profiles of relations to religion existing in each denomination and discuss the positions of these sub-groups on various socio-demographic variables. Finally, we look at the intersections between religion and cultural values, focusing on the situation of Catholics and Muslims, these two denominations representing the main affiliations in France today (29% and 10% of respondents). Using our typology of practices to analyze variations in cultural values, we identify major internal differences in terms of conservatism and moral attitudes that stand in contrast to essentializing discourses suggesting, for example, a strong and uniform conservatism among Muslim populations in France.