Construction of Cilin Lexical Database: Exploring Metaphor and Metonymy in Classical Chinese Vocabulary 詞林典腋資料庫的建置：發掘古典詞構中的隱喻和轉喻 En Zh

Résumé En Zh

The "Cilin Dianyi" (詞林典腋) is a vocabulary index of classical Chinese poetry, often combined with other similar literary materials into volumes, and it traditionally falls under the category of reference books in the field of traditional sinology. The format and content of Cilin Dianyi were standardized during the Qing Dynasty. Today, it is commonly used as a writing tool and receives limited attention in literary research. However, the examples within Cilin Dianyi represent, in essence, typical Chinese word constructions formed through the creative practices of numerous poets and the careful selection and classification by countless editors, all guided by the aesthetic principles of traditional metrics.As a result, Cilin Dianyi serves as an entry point for studying the mechanisms of classical vocabulary generation and a rare historical linguistic resource for Chinese semantics. However, accessing Cilin Dianye for research requires a basic understanding of poetic metrics, allowing scholars to systematically identify examples based on principles of tonal patterns, semantic similarities, and distinctions, whether they are individual words, word groups, phrases, or fine sentences. To facilitate greater engagement of scholars in the study of Cilin Dianyi, the creation of a digital database for Cilin Dianyi is becoming increasingly necessary.This study conducted an exploration of Cilin Dianyi, resulting in the identification of three distinct usage requirements: 1) distinguishing Chinese characters within the structures of word examples that demarcate semantic categories, 2) recognizing Chinese characters with strong lexical derivation capabilities in the semantic network, and 3) identifying the typical distribution of each Chinese character within various word structures. In addition to highlighting the fundamental functionalities required for future Cilin Dianyi databases, this research also uncovered metaphors and metonymies generated through changes in the positions of Chinese characters within word structures during the exploration process. These findings are beneficial for scholars as they continue to uncover historical word construction patterns preserved in Cilin Dianyi and the concealed literary aesthetic principles within these word construction patterns.

詞林典腋是一本漢語古典詩歌的詞彙索引，經常與其他相同功能的文學教材合併成冊，在傳統漢學屬於辭書。詞林的體例和內容於清代定型，現代漢學系通常將它當作寫作工具書使用，很少受到文學研究的關注。然而，詞林的範例，其實是傳統格律的審美原則下，經歷無數詩人的創作實踐，無數編者的淘選分類，形成的漢語詞構典型。詞林典腋因此是研究古典詞彙生成機制的入門，更是漢語語義學不可多得的歷史語料。然而，查閱詞林典腋，研究者需要具備基本的詩律知識，才能根據平仄相對與義相類的原則，逐個識別例證：是詞、是詞組、是短語還是佳句。為了便利更多學者投入詞林典腋的研究，詞林典腋數位資料庫的建置勢在必行。本研究對詞林典腋進行探勘，歸結出三種類型的使用需求：一、辨識詞例結構中，區隔語義門類的漢字；二、辨識語義網絡中，詞彙衍生能力較強的漢字；三、辨識每個漢字在每種詞構中的常態分佈。除了點出未來詞林典腋資料庫需要的基本功能，本研究亦在探勘的過程中，發掘了漢字在詞構中，藉由位置的變換，產生的轉喻和隱喻現象。這些成果，有利於學者繼續發掘詞林典腋保存的歷史詞構模式以及詞構模式隱藏的文學審美原則。