La fin des Iles : de l’inadaptation du modèle de protection insulaire au contexte de la mondialisation

Résumé En

The main principle of a protected area is to maintain the conservation of a defined area in a given state. To enforce that, the idea is generally to isolate this area, to prevent as much as possible any exchange with the « outside ». As such, island protected area are an especially interesting model because their limits appear to be evident, and their management simplified. But under the apparent simplicity of the physical perception, lay several levels of complexity about the reality of the spatial limits, the relevance of the conservation s objectives, and the justification of the management’s rules. These different elements can’t be analised without understanding who are the actors implied in the conservation, their level of perception, and the images they project onto the protected area. Investigation shows that the flows generated by protection can be considerable, and reduce, if not almost cancel the interest of protection itself. One can then wonder if the conservation s stake deals with territorial control any more, or if it should rather deal with the management of flows coming from or going to an area with spatial limits less strictly defined.