2008
Cairn
Rémy Amouroux, « Marie Bonaparte: Lay Analysis and Psychologists », Bulletin de psychologie, ID : 10670/1.a89f44...
In France in the middle of the 20th century, the medical community was extremely suspicious of lay analysts (psychoanalysts without a medical degree) as well as of the first psychologists. The practice of the psychoanalysis by non-work-doctors was considered as illegal medicine. This paper will review unpublished archived documents that reveal the position of Marie Bonaparte – a French pioneer of psychoanalysis – on the topic. The princess of Greece supported Margaret Clark-Williams and Elise Breuer throughout their trials for illegal medical practice. She also helped foreign psychoanalysts like Hans Jacobsohn, Rudolph Loewenstein, Fanny Lowtzky and Sophie Morgenstern to obtain citizenship.