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12 février 2022
- ISIDORE Id: 10670/1.c1b290...
- hal: hal-03863146
- doi: 10.1186/s12966-021-01243-3
- PUBMED: 35151334
- PUBMEDCENTRAL: PMC8841074
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Mots-clés
Neighbourhood Built environment Urban planning Geographic information systems (GIS) Active transportSujets proches
Residences Food habits Foraging behavior Foods Feeding behavior Disputes, Boundary Frontier troubles Borders Frontiers (Boundaries) Geographic boundaries Boundary disputes Territorial boundaries Political boundaries Instruction and study--Methods Geographical information systems GIS (Information systems) Measures Transportation industry Transport Transportation companies Transportation--Economic aspects Transportation, Primitive Public transportation Military strategy Social science Sciences, Social Human sciences Social studies Behavioral sciences Spoke bone Radial bone Radius Human population density Residential density Density, Population Populations, Human Human populations Population growth Human population Individuals (Persons) People Neighbourhoods Neighborhood Conurbations MAs (Metropolitan areas) Metropolitan statistical areas Urban areas People Man Humanity (Human beings) Human race Mankind Homo sapiens Humankind Humans Interest and usury Foods Pattern Model Single-family homes Homes Domiciles Houses One-family houses Residences Residential buildings Appetency Longing Concept formation Community Urban planning Cities and towns--Planning Land use, Urban--Planning Urban development Redevelopment, Urban Land use, Urban--Management Slum clearance Civic planning Model cities Urban design City planning--Government policy Town planning Global cities Towns Urban systems Municipalities Urban areas Capital cities Boundary lines Natural boundaries International boundaries Frontiers Borders (Geography) Lines, Boundary Geographical boundaries Perimeters (Boundaries) Political boundaries Instruction and study--Methods Demography Demographics circulationCiter ce document
Lukar Thornton et al., « Operationalising the 20-minute neighbourhood », HALSHS : archive ouverte en Sciences de l’Homme et de la Société, ID : 10.1186/s12966-021-01243-3
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Background: Recent rapid growth in urban areas and the desire to create liveable neighbourhoods has brought about a renewed interest in planning for compact cities, with concepts like the 20-minute neighbourhood (20MN) becoming more popular. A 20MN broadly reflects a neighbourhood that allows residents to meet their daily (nonwork) needs within a short, non-motorised, trip from home. The 20MN concept underpins the key planning strategy of Australia's second largest city, Melbourne, however the 20MN definition has not been operationalised. This study aimed to develop and operationalise a practical definition of the 20MN and apply this to two Australian state capital cities: Melbourne (Victoria) and Adelaide (South Australia). Methods: Using the metropolitan boundaries for Melbourne and Adelaide, data were sourced for several layers related to five domains: 1) healthy food; 2) recreational resources; 3) community resources; 4) public open space; and 5) public transport. The number of layers and the access measures required for each domain differed. For example, the recreational resources domain only required a sport and fitness centre (gym) within a 1.5-km network path distance, whereas the public open space domain required a public open space within a 400-m distance along a pedestrian network and 8 ha of public open space area within a 1-km radius. Locations that met the access requirements for each of the five domains were defined as 20MNs. Results: In Melbourne 5.5% and in Adelaide 7.6% of the population were considered to reside in a 20MN. Within areas classified as residential, the median number of people per square kilometre with a 20MN in Melbourne was 6429 and the median number of dwellings per square kilometre was 3211. In Adelaide's 20MNs, both population density (3062) and dwelling density (1440) were lower than in Melbourne. Conclusions: The challenge of operationalising a practical definition of the 20MN has been addressed by this study and applied to two Australian cities. The approach can be adapted to other contexts as a first step to assessing the presence of existing 20MNs and monitoring further implementation of this concept.
