Effects of breastfeeding and sucking habits on malocclusion in a birth cohort study

Résumé 0

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of malocclusion and to examine the effects of breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking habits on dentition in six-year-old children. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out nested into a birth cohort conducted in Pelotas, Southern Brazil, in 1999. A sample of 359 children was dentally examined and their mothers interviewed. Anterior open bite and posterior cross bite were recorded using the Foster & Hamilton criteria. Information regarding breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking habits was collected at birth, in the fi rst, third, sixth and 12 th months of life, and at six years of age. Control variables included maternal schooling and child’s birthweight, cephalic perimeter, and sex. Data were analyzed by Poisson regression. RESULTS: Prevalence of anterior open bite was 46.2%, and that of posterior cross bite was 18.2%. Non-nutritive sucking habits between 12 months and four years of age and digital sucking at age six years were the main risk factors for anterior open bite. Breastfeeding for less than nine months and regular use of paci fi er between age 12 months and four years were risk factors for posterior cross bite. Interaction between duration of breastfeeding and the use of paci fi er was identi fi ed for posterior cross bite. CONCLUSIONS: Given that breastfeeding is a protective factor for other diseases of infancy, our fi ndings indicate that the common risks approach is the most appropriate for the prevention of posterior cross bite in primary or initial mixed dentition.