Du Compendium de Gilbert l'Anglais à la Practica maior de Michel Savonarole : la place de Gui de Chauliac dans l'histoire de la nosologie et du diagnostic des maladies

Résumé En

In this contribution, we propose to identify the extent to which, through hisChirurgia Magna, Gui de Chauliac's attempt to bring unity, coherence and perfection to medicalto medical and surgical knowledge, Gui de Chauliac influenced the nosologyand the diagnosis of diseases traditionally referred to in the field of surgery, to what extentsurgical field, and the extent to which he innovated or, on the contrary, revisitedconsiderations and terminology used by earlier authors. To this end, wefocus on two groups of diseases: the pair of ulcerationsherpestiomenus / lupus and the group of nasal excrescences that are haemorrhoids,polyps and cancer. Gui de Chauliac is mentioned when referring to these two nosological groupsof these two nosological groups respectively in the Philonium (ca 1418) byValesco of Taranto and in Michel Savonarole's Practica maior (1440-46).We will begin by analysing the nosological and diagnostic discourse ofof Valesco of Taranto and Michel Savonarola in order to highlight the way in which theseauthors presented, integrated, discussed or rejected the teachings of Guide Chauliac. We will then compare these discourses with the detailed teachingsprovided in the Chirurgia Magna concerning the herpestiomenus/lupus couple and thethe aforementioned group of nasal excrescences. Finally, we will explore practicaethat preceded the Chirurgia Magna, Gilbert's Compendium medicinae (ca 1230).