L’occupation nazie et le Polizeihaftlager di San Sabba à Trieste

Résumé 0

The Nazi occupation and the San Sabba Polizeihaftlager in TriesteThe forces that carried out the persecution and deportation of Jews to other death camps in the Adriatisches Küstenland territories in northeastern Italy were part of the security apparatus that the Nazis had instituted there. In those territories, in contrast to the territories under the occupation system instituted in the rest of the country, the German occupying forces also assumed political and administrative control, thereby completely stripping the Italian Social Republic’s authorities of their power. This security apparatus was placed under the authority of Odilo Globocnik’s Höhere SS- und Polizeiführer and was tasked with not only rendering the area judenfrei, but also suppressing the very active resistance movement. The majority of the men had already participated in Aktion Reinhard in occupied Poland under the orders of the very same Globocnik. In the border regions of Eastern Italy, they used many of the same repressive techniques that they had previously used in Poland, albeit on a smaller scale. Among other things, this led to the creation of a Polizeihaftlager in Trieste, housed in a former rice-husking factory, the Risiera di San Sabba. This was the only Nazi camp in Italy to have a cremation oven for the disposal of the victims’ bodies. This paper reconstructs the events, situating the racial deportations in the complex context of the activities of the repressive apparatuses of the Nazis and their local collaborators.