Gambling Transitions among Adult Gamblers: A Multi-State Model Using a Markovian Approach Applied to the JEU Cohort
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2016
- handle: 10670/1.g5air3
- hal: hal-01566650
- doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.01.010
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info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.01.010
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Gambling Longitudinal study Markov process Prevalence Risk factors Transitions -bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behaviorSujets proches
Gaming (Gambling) Games of chance Betting Chance, Games ofCiter ce document
Mélanie Bruneau et al., « Gambling Transitions among Adult Gamblers: A Multi-State Model Using a Markovian Approach Applied to the JEU Cohort », HALSHS : archive ouverte en Sciences de l’Homme et de la Société, ID : 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.01.010
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INTRODUCTION: The aim of this paper is to study transitions between two states of gambling in adulthood (problem gambling and non-problem gambling) and to identify factors that might influence these transitions. METHODS: Data for this 2-year long longitudinal study were collected in a French Outpatient Addiction Treatment Center, in gambling establishments and through the press. Both problem gamblers and non-problem gamblers were evaluated using a structured interview and self-report questionnaires. The statistical analysis was carried out using a Markovian approach. RESULTS: The analyzed cohort consisted of 304 gamblers with 519 observed transitions. Participants with no past-year gambling problems (based on the DSM-IV) had a probability of about 90% of also having no past-year gambling problems at the following assessment, whereas the observed percentage of problem gamblers transitioning to non-problem gambling was of 48%. We reported (i) vulnerability factors of transitioning to problem gambling (such as an anxiety disorder or an Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) during the childhood), (ii) protective factors for non-problem gamblers, (iii) recovery factors (such as ongoing treatment and younger age) and (iv) persistence factors of a gambling problem (such as a persistent ADHD). CONCLUSIONS: The status of problem gambler is unstable over time, whereas we found stability among non-problem gamblers. Our findings suggest the existence of vulnerability and protective factors in gambling. These results lead to think about preventive actions and adaptive care, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy or researching gambling problems in people with an anxiety disorder or ADHD.