Main Scientific Approaches to Study Space-Development of Economic Activity ОСНОВНІ НАУКОВІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ВИВЧЕННЯ ПРОСТОРОВО-ГАЛУЗЕВОГО РОЗВИТКУ ГОСПОДАРСЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ En Uk

Résumé En Uk

The purpose of the research consists in a brief review of the basic theoretical and methodological principles for the study of economic activity within the framework of the above scientific schools. To do this, the following tasks were set: 1) the allocation of the time period of the relevant scientific approaches to the study of economic activity from the most modern to the very first; 2) a concise analysis of them. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, systemicity, science, interdisciplinary. The following general-historical methods have been used: historiographical analysis, historical-genetic, comparative, typological. The authors adhere to the civilizational approach and principles of cultural and intellectual history. The scientific novelty. The article highlights the main scientific approaches to the study of spatial and temporality development of economic activity, and features of the study of economic activity in the territory of modern Ukraine from the positions of the corresponding scientific schools are revealed. The sequence of occurrence of different scientific approaches and their epistemological difference is shown. In this case, the descending direction of representation of the respective schools was applied in order to understand the close ties between them. Theoretical and methodological approaches of scientific schools of global history; geo-historical, world-systemic, post-colonial, positivist, traditionalist, and descriptive are quite different, which is determined by various basic scientific principles in the studied economic activity. At the same time, in the modern historical science of Ukraine, studies on economic history are singular. Mostly they are written from traditional positions. At the same time there is a different methodology of studying economic development in the past due to the affiliation of the relevant scientist to a certain scientific school. The specificity of existing scholarly schools in Ukrainian historiography regarding the study of economic activity in the territory of modern Ukraine is their conditional division into two main groups – Soviet Marxism and Ukrainian political emigration. Each of them has its own distinct theoretical and methodological settings and research directions. At the same time, both these research groups continue their research in the framework of the traditional positivist approach. Conclusions. Thus, there is a need for the use of modern foreign scientific approaches to the understanding of economic processes and phenomena in the past in the territory of modern Ukraine. This will allow the development of a new historical time periodization for the needs of the national economic history.

Велика роль у сучасних дослідженнях минулого належить міждисциплінарним підходам, в яких поєднуються в єдине ціле методологія й методика різних наук. Так досягається комплексність у розумінні процесів. Таким чином сформувалися різні наукові школи. Аналіз численних публікацій дозволяє виділити такі основні наукові підходи до вивчення просторово-галузевого розвитку господарської діяльності: ґлобальної історії, геоісторичний, світ-системний, постколоніальний,