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David Cadier, « European Structural Power on the Wane? EU Foreign Policy between External and Internal Challenges », Archive ouverte de Sciences Po (SPIRE), ID : 10670/1.ighazc
The European Union’s (EU) foreign policy softwareneeds updating: it appears to be increasingly out ofsync with the operating system of international politics.At the turn of the millennium, many had hopedthat the EU’s internal model and institutional nature– as a transnational multilateral governance platformbased on international law and soft power – wouldmake it well prepared for, and even a potential leaderin, the world to come (Howorth, 2010). Yet, postmodernEurope has not seen the advent of the kindof post-Westphalian international system it had hopedfor. Instead, the EU finds itself rather ill-equipped inthe new era of great-power competition. Its distinctiveapproach to foreign policy, which has mainlyconsisted in the export of democratic governanceand economic standards, is increasingly under strainat a time where it is both tested externally and contestedinternally...